Adverbial Clauses

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject 2)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Green Baum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Green Baum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
• We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:

• Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.

The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

Kind of Adverb Clauses

 

Type of Clause	Function	Subordinate Conjunctions	Sentences
Time	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	When	Her goldfish died when she was young.
		Before	Before he comes, she will turn on the television.
		After	We will study together after school
		Since	She hasn’t listened to the radio since he came.
		While	While he was watching to the television, she knocked at the door.
		As	As he was reading newspaper, she turn on the television.
		As long as	He will never come so long as she doesn’t call him.
		Until	She stayed at home until he came.
		Till	I'll wait till you finish.
		Whenever	You should visit whenever you can.
Conditional	These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	If	If you save some money, you can buy a new game
		Unless	Unless you hurry, you will be late for school.
Purpose	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	So that	So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes.
		In order to	He ate vegetables in order to stay healthy.
		In order that	He is going to make a registration in order that he can take course.
Reason	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	Because	She passed the course because she worked hard.
		Since	Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
		As	As they graduated, they were looking for jobs.
Result	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	So...that	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concession	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with    the other or makes it seem surprising.	Although	Although you gave it your best, you did not win the match.
		Even though	Even though you are 15, you can’t go to that movie.
		Though	Though he is poor, he is honest.
Place	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	Where	He said he was happy where he was.
		Wherever	Wherever there is music, people will often dance.
		Anywhere	I can’t find my blog from anywhere in the world.
		Everywhere	Everywhere she goes, she brings a bag.
Comparison	Adverb as is a clause which states comparison.	As...as	Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.
Manner	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done.	As	I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.
		As if	He ate as if he were starving for months.
		As though	He cried as though he is in pain.

Tulisan : Perdagangan Berkaitan Teknologi

Online Business

          Online business is any activity (business / affairs / importance) who use the internet facilities to achieve the objectives (profit / profit). Online business is known and described as electronic trading over electronic systems such as the Internet or television, www, or other computer networks can involve electronic funds transfer, electronic data interchange, automated inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.

         The essence of online business is to provide information to potential consumers about a product / service and make a profit when consumers buy products / services compared to other media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and so on.

           Business on the Internet has its advantages and disadvantages, among others:

•  Advantages :

1. Advertising and Promotion Facility Interactive.

2. Wide range and worldwide.

3. Relatively inexpensive and efficient

•  Disadvantages :

1. Consumers are limited to those who use the internet, and although the number is growing rapidly, but still a bit of internet users in Indonesia are using the internet for business / sale.

2. Online business promotion that should have the ability to be effective, and the dissemination of information (promotion) this takes time, energy / thoughts and no small cost, you could say the promotion process is a mandatory step online business but most difficult, time-consuming, and costly fairly.

• Tips / Advice Online Business

 In the online business, do not have to spend, you have to reduce costs to a minimum charge :

1. While having a blog / site is recommended, but you are not required to have a blog / site in the online business, you can still use the facilities of an ad free / paid to market / promote your products and services.
2. Make / have a site / blog is recommended in online business because in the long run will help the business and the marketing and promotion of your product. In addition, by having a blog / site lets you find recurring profit more efficient than just doing promotional products etc.  
3. The essence of online business is the promotion, learn how to disseminate information products will be marketed mostly people (right), at the right time, in the right marketing, quickly and correctly.

Tugas : Tentang Perekonomian

Export and Import

          Export is activity sell goods or services to other countries and imported is purchase goods or services from another country, such actions will generate income for the country. Open an influx of foreign money into the country we can use to pay for purchases on imports and services from abroad.

         Import activities undertaken to meet the needs of the people. Imported products are items that can not be generated or existing state can be generated, but can not meet the needs of the people.

A.   Export and Import Products From Countries Indonesia

        In general, exports and imports can be divided into two oil goods and non-oil goods. Goods and gas or oil and gas is in the form of mineral oil and natural gas. Non-oil goods are items such oil and gas, such as plantation, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and mining are not in the form of oil and gas.

1. Indonesia's Export Products

Indonesia's exports include agricultural products, forest products, fisheries, mining, industrial products and services as well as did.

a.       Agricultural
Examples of rubber, coffee, palm oil, cloves, tea, pepper, quinine, tobacco and chocolate.

b.      Forest
Examples of wood and rattan. Exports of wood or cane should not be in the form of logs or raw materials, but in the form of semi-finished goods and finished goods, such as furniture.

c.       Fisheries
Fishery products exported many are the result of the ocean. exports of fishery products, including tuna, skip jack tuna, shrimp and milk fish.

d.      Results Mining

Examples of minerals are in the export of tin, aluminum, coal, copper and gold.

e.      Industry Results

Examples of cement, fertilizer, textiles, and apparel.

f.        Service
In the services sector, Indonesia sent overseas labor, among others to Malaysia and middle east countries.

2.      Indonesia Imported Products

Indonesia imported consumer goods, raw materials and auxiliary materials and capital. Consumer goods are goods that are used to meet everyday needs, such as food, beverage, milk, butter, rice, and meat. raw materials and auxiliary materials are the items necessary for the industry both as raw and supporting materials, such as paper, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and motor vehicles.

Capital goods are goods used for capital such as machinery, spare parts, computers, aircraft, and heavy equipment. Indonesia imported products in the form of agricultural produce, among others, rice, wheat, soya beans and fruits. Indonesia imported products in the form of livestock such as meat and milk.
Indonesia imported products in the form of mining between is oil and gas, Indonesia imported products in the form of  industries include electronics, chemicals, vehicles. Indonesia in services bring in experts from abroad.

B.      Exchanges of goods and services between Indonesian and foreign

In general, the exchange of goods and services from one country to another in the form of cooperation among others:

·         Bilateral Cooperation

Bilateral cooperation is cooperation by the two countries in the exchange of wares and services.

·         Regional Cooperation

Regional cooperation is the cooperation that made two or more countries that are in a particular area or region.

·         Multilateral cooperation

Multilateral cooperation is cooperation by the two countries carried over from all over the world.

C.      The benefits of export and import activities

Here are the benefits of exporting and importing :

o   Can meet the needs of society.

o   State revenues will increase due to foreign exchange.

o   Improving people's economy.

o   Encourage the development of industrial activities.

Sumber :  http://syadiashare.com/pengertian-ekspor-dan-impor.html