Tugas : Artikel Relative Pronoun

Students and Alcohol

Studies show that students are more likely to drink, smoke and take drugs than the general population. Peer pressure, cheap student bars and the freedom of living away from home all contribute to the choices students make. Be aware of the dangerous associated with smoking, drinking, and taking drugs so you can make an informed decision about the way you live your life and care for your health. 

         Students life can seem to revolve around alcohol, with the student bars and local pubs often the center of the collage social scene. Drinking in moderation is an enjoyable and usually harmless feature of student life. Getting drunk regularly can have potentially serious physical, social and academic effects. Even drinking to excess just occasionally can be damaging.

In the short term, drinking too much can impair academic performance because it affects concentration and makes you more likely to miss classes, hand in work late and do badly in exams.

But  it can also put you at immediate risk of serious harm, ranging from date rape to car crashes. If you're drunk, you're also more likely to be a victim of violence or to have unprotected sex, which carries all the associated risks of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancy.

In the longer term, regularly drinking too much can cause liver disease, an increased risk of heart attack, weight gain and a number of different cancers. These problems are now occurring at younger ages as alcohol use has increased.

Tulisan : Contoh Relative Pronoun

That :

I’ve just heard something that will surprise you	Saya baru saja mendengar sesuatu yang akan mengejutkan anda
The bird that sings in my garden every morning is a Robin	Burung yang berkicau di kebun saya setiap pagi adalah burung Robin

Which :

This is the painting which won the first prize	Ini adalah lukisan yang memenangkan juara pertama
The tree which fell on the train was over a hundred years old	Pohon yang menimpa kereta api itu berumur lebih dari seratus tahun

Who :

The woman who lost a bag is Mrs Lee	Wanita yang kehilangan tas adalah Nyonya Lee
The boy who broke the glass is Robin	Anak yang memecahkan gelas itu adalah Robin

Whom :

The boy whom I gave the book to is the best student	Anak laki-laki yang saya beri buku itu adalah murid terbaik
The girl whom Charles lent the magazine to is very pretty	Gadis yang dipinjami majalah oleh Charles itu sangat cantik

Whose :

The boy whose sister went with you yesterday doesn’t like you	Anak laki-laki yang saudara perempuannya pergi bersamamu kemarin itu tidak menyukaimu
The man whose car you bought will go abroad	Orang yang mobilnya kamu beli itu akan pergi ke luar negeri

Dialog Direct & Indirect

Pucca and Nata are roommates. They are looking at advertisements for three different supermarkets. Laguna, Hero and Superfood. They are comparing prices for things they want to buy.

Pucca : What are you doing?

Nata    : Just looking through the newspapers. A lot of things are on sale this week.

Pucca : Let me see. Oh yeah. Let’s compare some prices. Mm… eggs look cheap at Hero.

Nata    : How much are they?

Pucca : They are fifteen thousand per kilogram.

Nata    : Fifteen thousand? Let’s see how much they are at Superfood.

Pucca : Oh, they are really cheaper at Superfood, only thirteen thousand.

Nata    : Thirty thousand? Oh that’s cheap.

Pucca : I said, “thirteen thousand not thirty thousand”.

Nata    : Oh sorry, I didn’t hear well.

 Pucca  : No problem, oh look, ice cream is on sale at Laguna, too.

 Only fourteen thousand and five hundred, it’s perhaps the cheapest.

Nata    : Yes, but we don’t need ice cream do we? Mom said that I must diet, so I can’t eat ice cream.

Pucca  : Yes, me too, so we don’t.

Nata     : Let’s see which one special price for bread.

 Well, oh read, it’s only six thousand at Hero this week. That’s perhaps the cheapest.

Pucca  : Yes, I think so. Ok. Now, what else?

Nata   : How about chicken? There is a good deal at Hero. Only twenty five thousand a kilogram.

Pucca   : Oh, that’s really a good price. It’s twenty six and five hundred at Laguna. But, you know what? It’s even cheaper at Superfood. It’s only six thousand a kilogram.

Nata     : Look, apples are on sale at Superfood and Hero. But I think that’s probably cheaper at Laguna. Only twenty three are seven hundred a kilogram.

Pucca  : Should we go to three of supermarkets?

Nata     : I think so, let’s get our needs on the good prices.

Pucca  : OK. What time should we go shopping?

Nata     : Well. Mmm. Right now.

Pucca  : Sure.

Adverbial Clauses

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject 2)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Green Baum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Green Baum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
• We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:

• Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.

The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

Kind of Adverb Clauses

 

Type of Clause	Function	Subordinate Conjunctions	Sentences
Time	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	When	Her goldfish died when she was young.
		Before	Before he comes, she will turn on the television.
		After	We will study together after school
		Since	She hasn’t listened to the radio since he came.
		While	While he was watching to the television, she knocked at the door.
		As	As he was reading newspaper, she turn on the television.
		As long as	He will never come so long as she doesn’t call him.
		Until	She stayed at home until he came.
		Till	I'll wait till you finish.
		Whenever	You should visit whenever you can.
Conditional	These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	If	If you save some money, you can buy a new game
		Unless	Unless you hurry, you will be late for school.
Purpose	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	So that	So that he would not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes.
		In order to	He ate vegetables in order to stay healthy.
		In order that	He is going to make a registration in order that he can take course.
Reason	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	Because	She passed the course because she worked hard.
		Since	Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
		As	As they graduated, they were looking for jobs.
Result	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	So...that	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concession	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with    the other or makes it seem surprising.	Although	Although you gave it your best, you did not win the match.
		Even though	Even though you are 15, you can’t go to that movie.
		Though	Though he is poor, he is honest.
Place	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	Where	He said he was happy where he was.
		Wherever	Wherever there is music, people will often dance.
		Anywhere	I can’t find my blog from anywhere in the world.
		Everywhere	Everywhere she goes, she brings a bag.
Comparison	Adverb as is a clause which states comparison.	As...as	Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher.
Manner	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done.	As	I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.
		As if	He ate as if he were starving for months.
		As though	He cried as though he is in pain.